Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Epidemology of Wilm's Tumor

How common is Wilm’s Tumor? In the general population, it is pretty rare. In fact, Wilm’s Tumor is a disease that almost exclusively affects children. If you work on an adult Med-Surg floor, chances are you may never see this disease. However, if you are a pediatric oncology nurse, Wilm’s Tumor will become a common occurrence in your nursing career.
Percentage of Wilm's Tumor in childhood cancer

What are the statistics? Wilm’s Tumor accounts for 6% of all pediatric cancers, and 95% of all renal tumors in children. Wilm’s tumor will affect 1/10,000 children, with about 500 new cases reported each year.

Who gets Wilm’s Tumor? According to the Society for Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, there are marked ethnic differences in who develops Wilm’s Tumor. Epidemiologic studies suggest that children of Hispanic dissent exhibit lower incidence than those of other ethnicities in the United States. The reasons for these differences are largely unstudied, however research is being done to explore genetic predispositions that account for difference in incidence among populations.  In addition, there are also sex differences in who develops the disease. In the U.S., studies have found that girls experience a higher incidence of Wilm’s Tumor than compared to boys. Additionally, girls tend to be diagnosed closer to their third birthday whereas their male peers tend to be diagnosed closer to their two years of age. The reason for these differences are unknown.

What are the risk factors of Wilm’s Tumor? It is near impossible to pin down what exactly puts an individual at higher risk for Wilm’s Tumor. Studies have suggested that a variety of issues can predispose a child to the disease. Some possibilities include maternal hypertension, maternal exposure to pesticides, and high birth weights. However despite these widespread possibilities, no definitive risk factors have been identified or proven.  

What is the prognosis? Wilm’s Tumor has a mortality rate of approximately 15%. This means that the cure rate (meaning patients are disease free five years after treatment) is incredible. Of those who are treated for Wilm’s Tumor, the five-year survivial is 85%. That is really high!

Interested in learning more? For more info you can read about the epidemiology of Wilm’s Tumor (in much more detail) here: Wilms' tumour: a systematic review of risk factors and meta-analysis (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01133.x/asset/j.1365-3016.2010.01133.x.pdf?v=1&t=i4x7gucd&s=322e48cd07d32afaea0316cea0e47e8435d6ed3f)

Sources:
Chu, A., Heck, J. E., Ribeiro, K. B., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., Buffler, P., & Hung, R. J. (January 01, 2010). Wilms' tumour: a systematic review of risk factors and meta-analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 24, 5, 449-69.

picture: http://www.childrenscancerfund.com/childhood-cancer/default.php?story=61



1 comment:

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