How common is Wilm’s Tumor? In the general population, it is pretty rare. In fact,
Wilm’s Tumor is a disease that almost exclusively affects children. If you work
on an adult Med-Surg floor, chances are you may never see this disease. However,
if you are a pediatric oncology nurse, Wilm’s Tumor will become a common
occurrence in your nursing career.
Percentage of Wilm's Tumor in childhood cancer |
What are the statistics? Wilm’s Tumor accounts for 6% of all pediatric cancers, and
95% of all renal tumors in children. Wilm’s tumor will affect 1/10,000
children, with about 500 new cases reported each year.
Who gets Wilm’s Tumor? According to the Society for Pediatric and Perinatal
Epidemiology, there are marked ethnic differences in who develops Wilm’s Tumor.
Epidemiologic studies suggest that children of Hispanic dissent exhibit lower
incidence than those of other ethnicities in the United States. The reasons for
these differences are largely unstudied, however research is being done to explore genetic predispositions that
account for difference in incidence among populations. In addition, there are also sex differences in
who develops the disease. In the U.S., studies have found that girls experience
a higher incidence of Wilm’s Tumor than compared to boys. Additionally, girls
tend to be diagnosed closer to their third birthday whereas their male peers
tend to be diagnosed closer to their two years of age. The reason for these
differences are unknown.
What are the risk factors of Wilm’s Tumor? It is near impossible to pin down what
exactly puts an individual at higher risk for Wilm’s Tumor. Studies have
suggested that a variety of issues can predispose a child to the disease. Some
possibilities include maternal hypertension, maternal exposure to pesticides,
and high birth weights. However despite these widespread possibilities, no
definitive risk factors have been identified or proven.
What is the prognosis? Wilm’s Tumor has a mortality rate of approximately 15%. This means
that the cure rate (meaning patients are disease free five years after
treatment) is incredible. Of those
who are treated for Wilm’s Tumor, the five-year survivial is 85%. That is
really high!
Interested in learning more? For more info you can read about the epidemiology of
Wilm’s Tumor (in much more detail) here: Wilms'
tumour: a systematic review of risk factors and meta-analysis (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01133.x/asset/j.1365-3016.2010.01133.x.pdf?v=1&t=i4x7gucd&s=322e48cd07d32afaea0316cea0e47e8435d6ed3f)
Sources:
Chu, A., Heck, J. E., Ribeiro, K. B., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P.,
Buffler, P., & Hung, R. J. (January 01, 2010). Wilms' tumour: a systematic
review of risk factors and meta-analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal
Epidemiology, 24, 5, 449-69.
picture: http://www.childrenscancerfund.com/childhood-cancer/default.php?story=61
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